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disdefiheNationalNanoteologyInitiativeas"oo100naersinsize,especiallyexistiensionofteologyatthenanoscale."Theworldofnanoteologyisacolleofatoms,molecules,polymers,quantumdots,andisgovernedbysurfaceeffectssuchasvanderWaalsforces,hydrogenboricalcharges,ionids,covalentbonds,hydrophobicity,hydrophilicity,andQuantumtunnelingeffects,etc.,whilemacroscopiceffectssuchasiiaandturbuleoosmalltobeignored.Forexample,wheioofsurfaceareatovolumeincreasesdramatically,newpossibilitiesareopenedupinsurface-basedscesuchascatalysis.

    由美国国家航空暨太空总署电脑模拟的分子齿轮

    微小X的持续探究使得新的工具诞生，如原子力显微镜和扫描隧道显微镜等。结合如电子束微影之类的JiNg确程序，这些设备将使我们可以JiNg密地运作并生成奈米结构。奈米材质，不论是由上至下制成将块材缩至奈米尺度，主要方法是从块材开始通过切割、蚀刻、研磨等办法得到尽可能小的形状b如超